https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/science-magazines/should-statistical-sampling-be-used-united-states-census The debate over the use of statistical sampling is ironic in that the arguments against the use of statistical sampling ignore the increasing trend of accuracy associated with statistical sampling. The current Census Act was enacted in 1954, and within three years, Congress amended the act to allow limited use of statistical sampling except for the "determination of population for apportionment." In 1964, Congress again revised the Census Act to allow data collection via questionnaire in place of a personal visit by a census-taker as long as the questionnaire was delivered and returned via the United States Postal service. The use of statistical sampling was further expanded by a 1976 revision to the Census Act that allowed the gathering of population and census data -- but that did not specifically authorize its use for issues pertaining to apportionment. Upon this oversight to specifically allow statistical sampling to compile data used for apportionment, constitutional literalists and the majority of the Supreme Court rested their arguments against the broad use of statistical sampling. Interesting. Yet, stupid.