forum show about inequality

[http://dummy.us.eu.org/robert (Robert)]

When listening to

 https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101911332/inherited-inequality-challenges-the-idea-that-two-parent-homes-are-key-to-kids-success

I was wondering if there is a lifetime earnings advantage to being childless
and found

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherhood_penalty

and

 https://time.com/archive/6907296/workplace-salaries-at-last-women-on-top/

Apparently, there is and it's because of systemic bias against mothers,
not necessarily due to time constraints.  There doesn't seem to be a
similar bias in some other countries, e.g., in Nordic countries:

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X20300144